Mortar with Internal Curing Bottom Ash for Sand Shortage and Proper Curing

Using industrial waste such as bottom ash (BA) is a potential alternative to using sand for tackling the current shortage of natural resources in construction industry. This, along with internal curing concept, enables proper inside and out, especially low water-to-cement (w/c) ratio concrete, which has permeability. The work investigated flow, compressive strength, heat microstructure characteristics (using an electron microprobe analysis, EPMA) evaluate use BA sand-replacing material. Partial replacements fine aggregate were prepared five different mortars (0, 20%, 45%), fixed 0.35. Consequently, peak increased when compared control mortar, indicating higher hydration rate. strength mortar exceeded 50–60 MPa by 28 days. On microstructural level, showed increase volume fraction small pores from 3 50 mm. Moreover, content Ca(OH)2 d enhancing hydration. This study shows possibility valorizing replacement concrete w/c ratio.